Mobile or wireless
communication is regarded as one of the greatest inventions in human
civilization. In the modern era, no one can admire of living a life without
having a phone, it has become an essential human need. How can a non-living
thing create such a huge impact on modern day life? The answer is simple
because in the modern day life needs to be free from aggravations and so the
technology giants are working harder to behold the grievances faced by the
common folks.
In earlier days, sending a message between two people from
two different places was just merely a dream. With the invention of the
telephone in 1876 by Alexander Graham
Bell, the face of communication had changed and revolutionary changes came
to light. This invention switched a new light amongst the society and gradually
the phase of new technologies plundered. Due to the evolvement of such
sophisticated technologies and advancement in connectivity, the nature of
communication across the globe significantly improved.
Quite simply, the “G” stands for Generation, as in the next generation
of wireless technologies. Each generation is supposedly faster, more
secure and more reliable. The reliability factor is the hardest obstacle
to overcome. 1G was not used to identify wireless technology until 2G,
or the second generation, was released. That was a major jump in the
technology when the wireless networks went from analog to digital. It’s
all uphill from there. 3G came along and offered faster data transfer
speeds, at least 200 kilobits per second, for multi-media use and was a
long time standard for wireless transmissions regardless of what you
heard on all those commercials
Modern-day
Wireless technology
is based on the IEEE 802.11 standard
that uses radio waves (RF) for transmitting data among devices. It has become
part and parcel for almost all people and companies, considering the same
functionality as a wired communication technology, but with significant
characteristics such as mobility, flexibility, low cost, ease to deploy etc.
The recent wireless technology deployed across the globe is 4G, i.e,
fourth-generation wireless technology (though it is not fully functional
everywhere) but the developed world has already started to explore the new
dimension, i.e, 5G which is supposed to be launched by 2020.
A
BRIEF DIFFERENCE AMONG 3G, 4G, AND PROPOSED 5G
|
3G
|
4G
|
5G
|
|
|
Deployment
|
2004-2005
|
2006-2010
|
By 2020
|
|
Bandwidth
|
2Mbps
|
200 Mbps
|
>1 Gbps
|
|
Technology
|
Broadband with /CDMA/IP technology
|
Unified IP and seamless
combination of LAN/WAN/WLAN/PAN
|
4G+wwww
|
|
Service
|
Integrated high-quality audio,
video and data
|
Dynamic information access,
variable devices
|
Dynamic information access,
variable devices with all capabilities
|
5G
will make communications so fast that it would resemble real-time, putting
mobile internet services on a par with office services. Although lots of
groundwork has to be done on a 5G cellular network to define the standard parameters
and to achieve the better performance over existing 4 G technology.
Some
typical features of 5G may include:
|
SUGGESTED 5 G FEATURES
|
|
|
PARAMETER
|
SUGGESTED PERFORMANCE
|
|
PEAK DATA RATE
|
Up to 10 Gbps ( may be exceeding)
|
|
NETWORK CAPACITY
|
10,000 times capacity of current
network
|
|
LATENCY
|
< 1ms
|
|
CELL EDGE DATA RATE
|
100 Mbps
|
|
BANDWIDTH
|
1000X PER UNIT AREA
|
|
PERCENT AVAILABILITY
|
ALMOST 100%
|
|
COVERAGE
|
ALMOST 100%
|
|
NETWORK ENERGY USES
|
REDUCTION UP TO 90%
|
FEW
NEW TECHNOLOGIES THAT MAY INCORPORATE WITH 5 G
Communication
engineers are investigating few new technologies that might be incorporated
with 5 G technology. Some of the prominent technologies may feature as:
Smart
efficient antennas: Antennas are
the most important part of the wireless communications. Efficient and smart
design of antenna can make the signal omnidirectional, mitigate the
interference and power consumption by increasing the strength of the signal.
Concept
of cognitive radio technology: This
concept enables communication engineers to access the radio spectrum in an
efficient way, to improve the modulation scheme in a better way. It provides
the optimum use power spectrum ensuring the best data flow among the users
Pervasive/
Ubiquitous network: This concept
allows users to connect multiple wireless networks and also move seamlessly
between them. It aims to create connectivity experiences that are
faster,
more reliable, more personalized, highly available and secure in today’s mobile
world, customized to match specific business needs.
Group
cooperative relay: Cooperative
diversity is a cooperative multiple antenna technique for amending or
maximizing total network channel capacities for any given set of bandwidths
which exploit consumer’s diversity by decoding the cumulated signal of the
relayed signal and the direct signal in wireless multihop networks.
LEADING
COMPANIES WORKING ON DEVELOPMENT OF 5G
Notable
advancements in 5G technologies have come from Nokia,
Qualcomm, Samsung, Ericsson and British Telecommunications with growing numbers
of companies forming 5G partnerships and pledging money to continue to research
into 5G and its application. Qualcomm and Samsung have focused their 5G efforts
on hardware, with Qualcomm creating a 5G modem and Samsung producing a 5G
enabled home router. Both Nokia and Ericsson have created 5G platforms aimed at
mobile carriers rather than consumers. Ericsson created the first 5G platform
and that claims to provide the first 5G radio system. Ericsson began 5G testing
in 2015.
5G technology going to be an incipient mobile revolution in
the mobile market. Through 5G technology now we can utilize ecumenical cellular
phones. 5G technology has extraordinary data capabilities and has the facility
to tie together unrestricted call volumes and illimitable data broadcast within
the latest mobile operating system. Maybe in coming days, 5G technology
surmounts the world market. 5G Technologies have an extraordinary capability to
fortify Software and Consultancy. The Router and switch technology utilized in
the 5G network providing high connectivity. The 5G technology distributes
internet access to nodes within the building and can be deployed with the
cumulation of wired or wireless network connections. The current trend of 5G
technology has a glowing future.
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